Gas & Cost Intuition

While there is no native gas token, execution is still limited and metered. Understanding how gas works in this environment is critical for writing efficient contracts and predicting costs.

Inscription Size ↔ Maximum Execution

Each inscription on Bitcoin pre-pays execution resources:

• Gas is directly proportional to the size of the inscription

• Larger inscriptions allow more computation and state changes

• Each byte of an inscription grants a fixed gas allowance

Think of it as “your transaction byte size is your gas budget.” Unlike Ethereum, there’s no dynamic pricing—execution cost is baked into the transaction size and Bitcoin fee.

How to Think About Optimization

• Smaller calldata and bytecode = lower fees, faster indexing, and fewer block constraints

• Reuse logic and precompiled contracts where possible to reduce instruction count

• Compress calldata using NADA or ZSTD to minimise fees where it matters

Optimization is about packing more computation into fewer bytes, rather than chasing gas prices.

Why Padding Exists and When to Use It

• JSON padding allows developers to increase the gas limit artificially for an operation without changing its logic

• Useful when an operation requires more computation than the current calldata size allows

• Must be done responsibly: padding increases Bitcoin fees and should only be used to cover legitimate computational needs

Rough Cost Envelopes (Not Promises)

Costs scale with:

1. Byte size of the inscription

2. Bitcoin network fee rate

As a guideline:

• Small calls (~100 bytes) are inexpensive

• Large deployments (~10–100 KB) can be significant

• Compression often reduces fees by 3–5x depending on calldata patterns

Always estimate gas requirements before inscribing, and consider padding strategically. The key principle: execution cost is deterministic and proportional to the resources you allocate in Bitcoin.